ANALISIS HAMBATAN BELAJAR (LEARNING OBSTACLE) SISWA SMP PADA MATERI PELUANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i4.6214Kata Kunci:
didactical obstacle, epistemological obstacle, hambatan belajar, ontogenic obstacle, peluangAbstrak
Konsep peluang merupakan konsep dasar yang perlu dipahami oleh siswa karena pemahaman konsep tersebut akan terus digunakan pada jenjang selanjutnya. Namun, masih banyak siswa yang mengalami hambatan dalam mempelajari topik tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis hambatan belajar (learning obstacle) siswa pada materi konsep peluang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yang melibatkan 22 siswa SMP kelas IX dan 24 siswa SMA kelas X di dua sekolah di Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan triangulasi dengan pemberian tes diagnostik, wawancara guru dan siswa, serta analisis buku ajar yang digunakan (analisis dokumen). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami hambatan belajar dimana kurangnya ketertarikan siswa terhadap materi konsep peluang, ketidaksiapan siswa berkaitan dengan hal teknis yang bersifat kunci dari proses pembelajaran seperti ruang sampel dan titik sampel, dan siswa masih kesulitan dalam menguasai konsep prasyarat himpunan, yaitu kesulitan memahami dalam mendaftarkan anggota suatu himpunan (ontogenic obstacle). Hambatan lain yang dialami siswa yaitu, banyaknya miskonsepsi siswa pada penyelesaian permasalahan terkait konsep peluang (epistemological obstacle) serta alur pembelajaran yang belum sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik siswa (didactical obstacle). Hambatan-hambatan tersebut harus dipertimbangkan dalam pengembangan desain didaktik yang lebih optimal untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diharapkan.
The concept of probability is a basic concept that students need to understand because this concept will continue to be used at the next level. However, many students still have obstacles in learning this topic. This study aims to identify and analyze student learning obstacles in the concept of probability. The method used is qualitative research method with phenomenological approach involving twenty two 9th grade students and twenty four 10th grade  students in two school in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection uses triangulation by giving diagnostic tests, teacher and student interviews, and analysis of the textbooks used (document analysis). The results showed that students have learning obstacle which there was a lack of student interest in the concept of probability, students' unpreparedness related to key technical matters of the learning process such as sample space and sample points, and students still have difficulty mastering the concept of sets, they have difficulty writing members of a sets (ontogenic obstacle). Another obstacle is the number of misconceptions in solving problems of probability (epistemological obstacle) and the learning trajectory that is not in accordance with the needs and characteristics of students (didactical obstacle). These learning obstacles must be considered in the development of a more optimal didactical design to achieve the expected learning objectives.
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