PENGEMBANGAN SOAL KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS BAGI PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v15i3.16323Kata Kunci:
Kemampuan representasi matematis, pengembangan instrumen tes, sekolah dasar.Abstrak
Kemampuan representasi matematis menjadi keterampilan penting dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21 karena membantu peserta didik memahami konsep, menyelesaikan masalah, serta mengomunikasikan ide matematika melalui berbagai bentuk penyajian. Namun, kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sekolah dasar masih belum berkembang optimal, salah satunya karena instrumen evaluasi yang digunakan di sekolah cenderung bersifat rutin dan lebih menekankan perhitungan prosedural. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sekolah dasar pada materi pecahan sederhana, khususnya perbandingan pecahan setengah dan seperempat. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) model ADDIE meliputi tahap analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan pada 22 peserta didik kelas III pada salah satu sekolah dasar negeri di kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Instrumen yang dikembangkan terdiri dari 10 butir soal tes uraian, mewakili 3 indikator kemampuan representasi matematis, yaitu representasi verbal (3 butir soal), representasi simbolik (4 butir soal), dan representasi visual (3 butir soal). Produk instrumen tes divalidasi oleh ahli, kemudian diuji cobakan untuk memperoleh data empiris uji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 butir soal yang dikembangkan, terdapat 9 butir soal memenuhi kriteria valid, sedangkan 1 butir soal dinyatakan tidak valid. Instrumen memiliki koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,90 (sangat tinggi). Hasil analisis tingkat kesukaran menunjukkan soal berada pada kategori sedang hingga mudah, sedangkan daya pembeda didominasi kategori baik dan sangat baik. Kesimpulannya berdasarkan hasil tersebut, 9 dari 10 butir soal tes yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai alat ukur kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sekolah dasar.
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