DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE MATHEMATICS LEARNING MULTIMEDIA BASED ON SCRATCH USING THE 4D MODEL

Penulis

Kata Kunci:

applied algebra, interactive learning media, scratch, 4D development model

Abstrak

This study aimed to develop Scratch-based interactive learning media for applied algebra using the 4D development model, consisting of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research addressed students’ difficulties in understanding and applying algebraic concepts in contextual problem-solving and the limited availability of interactive digital learning media. The development process involved needs analysis, prototype design, and media implementation using Scratch with interactive materials and game-based exercises. The feasibility of the media was evaluated through material and media validation conducted by mathematics education lecturers. At the same time, user acceptance was examined through a User Acceptance Test (UAT) involving ten prospective mathematics teachers. Data were analyzed using percentage-based scoring. The results indicated that the developed media achieved a very good level of feasibility in terms of material quality, content coverage, instructional design, ease of use, and visual aspects. The UAT results also showed a very high level of user acceptance across functionality, program presentation, and language and typography aspects. Furthermore, evaluation using the Dr. Scratch application yielded a score of 20 out of 21, placing the media in the Master category. These findings suggest that the Scratch-based interactive learning media is feasible and well accepted, with potential to support motivation, mathematical learning performance, and the development of computational thinking in applied algebra learning.

Biografi Penulis

Al Jupri, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Al Jupri is currently working as a Professor in mathematics education at the Department of Mathematics Education and at the Graduate School of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia. His research interests include algebra education, geometry education, realistic mathematics education, and the role of ICT in mathematics and algebra education. He has published research articles in both nationally accredited journals and reputed international journals. In addition, he has published books for school and university levels.

Referensi

Annisa, N. F., Sudihartinih, E., & Usdiyana, D. (2025). Enhancing Mathematical Connection Ability through Scratch-Assisted Problem-Based Learning on Exponent Topics. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 26(4), 2209–2223. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v26i4.pp2209-2223

Ati Sukmawati, R., Purba, H. S., Irliyanti, I., Sina, I., Mahardika, A. I., & Mawaddah, S. (2021). Student Learning Outcomes in Learning Straight Line Equations Using Web-Based Interactive Media. Proceedings of URICET 2021 - Universitas Riau International Conference on Education Technology 2021, 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1109/URICET53378.2021.9865919

Batista, E. J. S., De Castro, C. P. C., & De Castro, A. A. (2016). Development of learning objects on scratch: Training of teachers of information and communication technologies. Proceedings - 2016 11th Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology, LACLO 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/LACLO.2016.7751768

Batni, B., Junaini, S. N., Sidi, J., Mustafa, W. A., & Ismail, Z. I. A. (2025). Current Research Trends of Scratch Block based Programming for K-12: A Systematic Review. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 51(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.51.2.138152

Bernard, M., & Setiawan, W. (2020). Developing math games media using scratch language. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1657(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1657/1/012064

Bottge, B. A. (2010). Math instruction for children with special needs. In International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 767–773). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01126-X

Calder, N. (2018a). Using scratch to facilitate mathematical thinking. Waikato Journal of Education, 23(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v23i2.654

Calder, N. (2018b). Using scratch to facilitate mathematical thinking. Waikato Journal of Education, 23(2), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v23i2.654

Chekour, M., Seghroucheni, Y. Z., Aboulkacem, A., & Hafid, M. M. (2023). A Proposal of a Scenario to Integrate Active Pedagogical Approaches to Teach Scratch in Primary School. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 17(9), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i09.36797

Chiang, F.-K., & Qin, L. (2018). A Pilot study to assess the impacts of game-based construction learning, using scratch, on students’ multi-step equation-solving performance. Interactive Learning Environments, 26(6), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2017.1412990

Dagiené, V., & Dolgopolovas, V. (2022). Short Tasks for Scaffolding Computational Thinking by the Global Bebras Challenge. Mathematics, 10(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10173194

Darnanta, I. W., Pradnyana, I. M. A., & Agustini, K. (2020). Development of mathematics interactive learning media with gamification concept for mentally disabled students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1516(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1516/1/012043

Djidu, H., & Retnawati, H. (2025). Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives on Computational Thinking: Insights into Knowledge, Strategies, and Challenges. Qualitative Report, 30(7), 4019–4040. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2025.6494

Dúo-Terrón, P. (2023). Analysis of Scratch Software in Scientific Production for 20 Years: Programming in Education to Develop Computational Thinking and STEAM Disciplines. Education Sciences, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040404

Fitrianingsih, A. N. A., Rosjanuardi, R., & Sudihartinih, E. (2024). Super Geo-Bros Game: A Scratch-Based Mathematics Game for Learning Geometric Transformations to Improve Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 25(2), 792–802. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v25i2.pp792-802

Gökçe, S., & Yenmez, A. A. (2023). Ingenuity of scratch programming on reflective thinking towards problem solving and computational thinking. Education and Information Technologies, 28(5), 5493–5517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11385-x

Iskandar, R. S. F., Dahlan, J. A., Jupri, A., & Supriyadi, E. (2024). HOW TO ANALYZE OBJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) USING SCRATCH PROGRAMMING? Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 19, 10–17. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218718203&partnerID=40&md5=3b233f26e4f7f64753cb11c291d8a361

Kong, S. C., & Kwok, W. Y. (2021). From Mathematical Thinking to Computational Thinking: Use Scratch Programming to Teach Concepts of Prime and Composite Numbers. 29th International Conference on Computers in Education Conference, ICCE 2021 - Proceedings, 1, 549–558. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126633246&partnerID=40&md5=9274171f7b2be653222db7bdaf7d71d6

Maryam, R., & Sampoerno, P. D. (2021). The development of interactive learning media with realistic mathematics education approach for topic of ratio and proportion. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2331. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042308

Mashishi, T. C., & Ramaila, S. (2024). Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions, Attitudes, and Challenges of Using Scratch as a Coding Tool to Foster Active Learning in Life Sciences Classrooms. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(9), 472–497. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.9.24

Mohamad, N. N., Abdullah, A. H., & Hamzah, M. H. (2024). Assessing the Readiness of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers in Utilizing the Scratch Application: A Case Study at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE61694.2024.10893419

Moreno-León, J., Robles, G., & Román-González, M. (2015). Dr. Scratch: Automatic analysis of Scratch projects to assess computational thinking. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 46, 1–23.

Mukambetova, S., Dzhaparova, S., Madanbekova, E., Nazaralieva, A., & Makeeva, S. (2025). ADVANTAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF INTEGRATING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES FOR TEACHING RATIONAL NUMBERS IN 6TH-GRADE MATHEMATICS. Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice, 24, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.28945/5627

My, N. H., Huong, N. T. C., Ngoc, T. T. B., Hai, P. T., Tham, N. T., Long, P. T., & Hai, D. T. (2025). Understanding mathematical learning difficulties in early primary grades in Vietnam: A contextualized contribution to global insights. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(11). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025608

Niemelä, P. (2017). All rosy in scratch lessons: No bugs but guts with visual programming. Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, 2017-October, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2017.8190612

Ninsiana, W., Ihsan Dacholfany, M., Kamar, K., Kamarul Shukri, M. T., Huda, M., Hananto, A. L., Muslihudin, M., Shankar, K., Kamenez, N. V, & Maseleno, A. (2018). Developing multimedia application model for basic mathematics learning. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 10(14), 1347–1356. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058197892&partnerID=40&md5=4e38ed0af04e769219eaf61e3cb09b8a

Pinheiro, M. M., & Santos, V. (2025). Integrating Computational Thinking and Artificial Intelligence into Mathematics Education: A Pathway for the 21st-Century. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2479 CCIS, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-02675-0_7

Pinto-Llorente, A. M., Casillas-Martín, S., Cabezas-González, M., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2018). Building, coding and programming 3D models via a visual programming environment. Quality and Quantity, 52(6), 2455–2468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0509-4

Pratama, R. A., & Waskitoningtyas, R. S. (2020). Game Android “MENALAR†Berbasis Adobe Animation CC. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(3), 617. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v9i3.3027

Riduwan, & Akdon. (2015). Rumus dan Data dalam Analisis Statistika. ALFABETA.

Rodrigues, R. N., Costa, C., & Martins, F. (2024). Integration of computational thinking in initial teacher training for primary schools: a systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1330065

Rodríguez-Martínez, J. A., González-Calero, J. A., & Sáez-López, J. M. (2020). Computational thinking and mathematics using Scratch: an experiment with sixth-grade students. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(3), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1612448

Ruamba, M. Y., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., Rochmad, R., & Asih, T. S. N. (2025). The impact of visual and multimodal representations in mathematics on cognitive load and problem-solving skills. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 12(4), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2025.04.018

Sari, M. A., Sudihartinih, E., Usdiyana, D., Elisya, N., & Nurhidayat, I. (2024). The Development of Scratch-Based Interactive Mathematics Learning Media “Zuma Function†to Enhance Understanding in Relations and Functions. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 25(3), 1410–1427. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa.v25i3.pp1410-1427

Sari, M. R., & Qohar, A. (2023). Development of mathematics learning media based on articulate storyline 3 on cube materials. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2614. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125871

Setyaningrum, W., Pastoriko, F. M., Fabian, K., & Ying, C. Y. (2024). The effect of scaffolding-based digital instructional media on higher-order thinking skills. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(4), 1077–1094. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i4.pp1077-1094

Sulistiyo, D., Setyaningsih, R., Utami, N. S., Yansyah, M., Desmayanasaei, D., & Adnan, M. (2023). Interactive media educational game soto “shoot on target of numbers†in mathematics learning for junior high school. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2727. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0141470

Sungkono, S., Apiati, V., & Santika, S. (2022). Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Augmented Reality. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 11(3), 459–470. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v11i3.737

Taylor, M., Harlow, A., & Forret, M. (2010). Using a computer programming environment and an interactive whiteboard to investigate some mathematical thinking. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.078

Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. I. (1974). Instructional development for training teachers of exceptional children. Indiana University.

Van Borkulo, S., Chytas, C., Drijvers, P., Barendsen, E., & Tolboom, J. (2021). Computational Thinking in the Mathematics Classroom: Fostering Algorithmic Thinking and Generalization Skills Using Dynamic Mathematics Software. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481312.3481319

Yuliana, D. (2019). Fingermath - Arithmetic Hand Gesture Game to Improve Early Childhood Mathematics Learning. Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Information Management and Technology, ICIMTech 2019, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMTech.2019.8843756

Zagoto, M. M., Musdi, E., Arnawa, I. M., Fauzan, A., & Bentri, A. (2025). Effectiveness of GeoGebra-Based Learning on Students’ Cognitive and Affective Participation in Mathematics. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20252001

Zouhair, A., & Nafidi, Y. (2025). IMPACT OF SCRATCH PROGRAMMING ON GEOMETRY SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY EDUCATION. International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering, 17(2), 1–11. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010313819&partnerID=40&md5=7a71c0b3d05361b292c6de99ebc93b21

Diterbitkan

2026-06-30

Terbitan

Vol 15 No 2 (2026)

Bagian

Articles

Lisensi

Authors who publish with AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika agree to the following terms:

Creative Commons License
Creative Commons License
AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. AKSIOMA offers all authors of journal articles allows their research openly available, free access and time restrictions.

All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. Under the CC-BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors grant others permission to use the content of publications in AKSIOMA in whole or in part provided that the original work is properly cited. Users (redistributors) of AKSIOMA are required to cite the original source, including the author's names, AKSIOMA as the initial source of publication, year of publication, volume number and DOI (if available).