STRATEGI PENGAJUAN MASALAH SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR BERDASARKAN KONTEKS REAL-WORLD

Aldiyah Mellawati(1), Mohammad Faizal Amir(2*),

(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
(2) Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
(*) Corresponding Author


Abstract


Bukti-bukti empiris menunjukkan siswa sekolah dasar jarang atau hampir tidak pernah dihadapkan pada penugasan yang menuntut strategi pengajuan masalah. Hal ini mengakibatkan siswa sekolah dasar mengalami kesulitan atau kegagalan dalam mengajukan masalah. Pengajuan masalah berdasarkan konteks real-world bagi siswa sekolah dasar diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi awal untuk mengevaluasi pengetahuan, ide, dan pengalaman pemecahan masalah siswa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan strategi pengajuan masalah siswa sekolah dasar berdasarkan konteks real-world. Jenis penelitian tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Partisipan penelitian adalah 52 siswa kelas lima sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk memilih subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga strategi siswa dalam mengajukan masalah yaitu reformulasi, rekonstruksi, dan imitasi. Strategi reformulasi menjadi strategi yang paling jarang digunakan siswa sekolah dasar. Sementara, para pendidik dan peneliti berikutnya dapat menggunakan masalah sumber yang memiliki konteks real-world bagi siswa sekolah dasar, agar siswa dapat berhasil memecahkan masalah sumber yang mengarah terhadap keberhasilan siswa dalam mengajukan masalah.

Empirical evidence shows that elementary school students rarely or almost never face assignments that demand problem-solving strategies. This results in elementary school students experiencing difficulty or failure in posing problems. Problem posing based on real-world contexts for elementary school students is expected to be an initial solution to evaluate students' knowledge, ideas, and problem-solving experiences. The research aims to classify the problem posing strategies of elementary school students based on the real-world context. The type of research is classified as qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include tests and interviews. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research participants were 52 fifth-grade elementary school students using purposive sampling to select research subjects. The results found three student strategies in proposing problems: reformulation, reconstruction, and imitation. The reformulation strategy is the least used strategy by elementary school students. Meanwhile, educators and future researchers can use source problems with a real-world context for elementary school students, so that students can successfully solve source problems that lead to student success in posing problems.


Keywords


konteks dunia nyata; pengajuan masalah; siswa sekolah dasar

References


Abdillah, L. A., HS, S., Muniarty, P., Nanda, I., Retnandari, S. D., Wulandari, W., … Aulia, T. Z. (2021). Metode penelitian dan analisis data comprehensive. Cirebon: Insania. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dSY5EAAAQBAJ

Cai, J., & Hwang, S. (2020). Learning to teach through mathematical problem posing: Theoretical considerations, methodology, and directions for future research. International Journal of Educational Research, 102, 101391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.01.001

Deringöl, Y. (2020). Problem posing activities in primary school mathematics textbooks. Ilkogretim Online, 19(3), 1619–1646. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.734556

Ellerton, N. F. (2013). Engaging pre-service middle-school teacher-education students in mathematical problem posing: Development of an active learning framework. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 83, 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-012-9449-z

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11

Hikmah, I. F., & Amir, M. F. (2023). Siswa sekolah dasar dalam mengajukan word problems pada situasi terstruktur. Histogram : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(2), 227–243. Retrieved from https://journal.stkip-andi-matappa.ac.id/index.php/histogram/article/view/2897

Kılıç, Ç. (2017). A new problem-posing approach based on problem-solving strategy: Analyzing pre-service primary school teachers’ performance. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 17(3), 771–789. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.3.0017

Kopparla, M., Bicer, A., Vela, K., Lee, Y., Bevan, D., Kwon, H., … Capraro, R. M. (2019). The effects of problem-posing intervention types on elementary students’ problem-solving. Educational Studies, 45(6), 708–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2018.1509785

Kovács, Z., Báró, E., Lócska, O., & Kónya, E. (2023). Incorporating problem-posing into sixth-grade mathematics classes. Education Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020151

Kwon, H., & Capraro, M. M. (2021). Nurturing problem posing in young children: Using multiple representation within students’ real-world interest. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11066

Luthfiyah, & Fitrah, M. (2018). Metodologi penelitian: Penelitian kualitatif, tindakan kelas & studi kasus. Sukabumi: CV Jejak. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=UVRtDwAAQBAJ

Muhtarom, M., Shodiqin, A., & Astriani, N. (2020). Exploring senior high school student’s abilities in mathematical problem posing. Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education, 5(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i1.9818

Muksin, M., Siswono, T. Y. E., & Ekawati, R. (2020). Pengaruh model pembelajaran pair cheks berbasis tugas pengajuan masalah terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika, 7(2), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v7i2.17334

Pratiwi, A. E., & Amir, M. F. (2023). Proses analogi dalam mengajukan masalah tipe word problems. Journal of Mathematics Education and Science, 6(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.32665/james.v6i2.1697

Prayitno, S., & Hayati, L. (2022). Analyzing mathematics prospective teachers’ ability for higher-order-thinking problem posing. 3rd Annual Conference of Education and Social Sciences (ACCESS 2021), 379–387. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-21-3_41

Sasanti, R. D., Siswono, T. Y. E., & Manuharawati. (2018). Vocational student’s strategies in posing mathematical problems assisted with google forms. Mathematics, Informatics, Science, and Education International Conference (MISEIC 2018), 157, 147–149. https://doi.org/10.2991/miseic-18.2018.36

Ulfah, U., Prabawanto, S., & Jupri, A. (2017). Students’ mathematical creative thinking through problem posing learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 895(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012097

Yunita, S. R., & Amir, M. F. (2023). Analogy problem posing for elementary school students on word problems. Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika Dan Statistika, 4(1), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.46306/lb.v4i1.283

Yusuf, A. M. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif & penelitian gabungan. Jakarta: Prenada Media. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=RnA-DwAAQBAJ

Zeybek, Z., & Francis, D. I. C. (2017). Let’s cut the cake. Teaching Children Mathematics, 23(9), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.23.9.0542




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v13i1.8169

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.