The Conflict Between the Soekarnoism Support Agency and the Indonesian Communist Party in 1964

This study aims to find out how the dynamics of the old order press, especially the conflict between the Soekarnoism Support Agency and the Indonesian Communist Party in 1964. The method used in this study is the historical method by applying the following steps: (1) Heuristics, (2) Criticism, (3) Interpretation, and (4) Historiography. The use of historical sources in this study in the form of documents, archives, newspapers, books and journals can be accounted for for their validity. The result of this research is the dominance of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in the national political constellation during the Guided Democracy period. It was feared that President Soekarno's closeness to the PKI could influence Indonesian politics. Therefore, several journalists, including Sayuti Melik, established a journalistic organization called the Soekarnoism Support Agency with the aim of stemming the PKI in the national political arena. Through a series of articles written by Sayuti Melik entitled Learning to Understand Soekarnoism, BPS fought back against the PKI by publishing articles in all press offices of BPS members.


INTRODUCTION
The press in the era of Liberal Democracy is a period in which the press in Indonesia After the KWAA, the conflict between newspapers was getting worse.
Moreover, the relationship between the PKI and Soekarno was getting closer.In the midst of this mutual suspicion, Sayuti

METHOD
This study uses historical research methods.The historical method is a process of critically examining and analyzing record and relics of the past.
The historical method is used as away to achieve the completion of a research or reconstruction process of past event (Gottschalk, 2008).
In simple terms, the historical method is a systematic set of principles and rules intended to provide effective assistance in gathering historical sources and critically assessing history.
The method used in this study is the historical method by applying the

C. BPS Disbandment
The instructions from the head of the CC PKI to crush BPS were followed up by Harian Rakjat to be more aggressive in voicing the disbandment of BPS.In experiences such great freedom.Anyone who has capital can set up a newspaper It is at this point that the national press must again be faced with the efforts of the government in power in limiting the space for movement, reporting and the ideology of journalism in real terms.The restriction on journalists' space for reporting in newspapers was further exacerbated by the issuance of additional provisions concerning "Manipolization of the press" in 1963.Through Perperti No. 6/1963, press institutions are required to fully support the Manipol USDEK and Guided Democracy.Thus, any press institution that does not support Manipol and Guided Democracy will not obtain a publication permit.Not a few newspaper offices were banned because they were too sharp in criticizing the government.Despite being restricted through formal government regulations, the press during the old order was also very close to politics.In fact, most newspapers have affiliations to political parties.Small examples such as the newspaper Soeloeh Indonesia the press of the Indonesian National Party (PNI), the Abadi newspaper of Masyumi and the Harian Rakjat newspaper of the Indonesian Communist Party ) at that time was divided into two camps.Some of them rejected KWAA, because they sensed the PKI's political involvement.Meanwhile, the camp that supported the KWAA forum was allegedly infiltrated by PKI cadres.Those who did not support the KWAA thought that the PKI was only using the KWAA to emphasize the closeness of the PKI to Soekarno.
following steps: (1) Heuristics, (2) Criticism, (3) Interpretation, and 4) Historiography(Sjamsudin, 2007).The use of historical sources in this study in the form of documents, archives, newspapers, books and journals can be accounted for for their validity RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Sayuti Melik Article Polemic The essence of Sayuti Melik's writing is to draw a line between Marhaenism and Marxism-Leninism.Indirectly Sayuti Melik's articles cornered the PKI's political strategy and the ideology of communism.Sayuti Melik considers that there are differences between Soekarnoism and Marxism in philosophical terms.Soekarnoism applies dialectical idealism and dialectical materialism simultaneously, while Marxism only uses dialectical materialism.In addition, Soekarno only put Marxism as a method of thinking.Meanwhile, in relation to the struggle movement, Soekarno rejected Materialism which is the root of Marxism.The struggle in the sense of liberating the Indonesian people from the shackles of colonialism and imperialism based on the priority to turn suffering into prosperity in the form of Indonesian socialism is the main mission of Soekarnoism.Soekarno was fully aware that the Indonesian people positioned God as the estuary of all things, including science and struggle.This fact prompted Sayuti Melik to try hard in showing that there is a discrepancy between the Indonesian personality and Marxism.Especially regarding materialism which assumes that everything in the world is originated and controlled by matter.Harian Rakjat tries to make a comparison or refutation of what Sayuti Melik conveys with his ideas related to the philosophical foundations of Soekarnoism and Marxism.The idea is outlined in an article entitled Falsification in Philosophy.Yuti said: "Bung Karno uses historical materialism as a method of thinking.But his interpretation of the phenomena of the universe does not use the philosophy of materialism."Compare Yuti's interpretation with what Bung Karno himself actually said before the VI PKI Congress: "I am a historical materialist..Historical materialism is a science...If the socio-economics was like that at that time, the ideology was like that...This science is called historical materialism, and I am one of the followers of this science...But Yuti prefers a "creative mix": she marries "mechanism" applied in Indonesia, Sayuti Melik stated that she did not agree with this statement.He considered that the teachings of Marxism-Leninism can be implemented in a country if the elements in that country are in accordance with Marxism-Leninism.Meanwhile, Soekarnoism is a teaching of struggle that emphasizes national unity.Sayuti Melik also writes about the differences between the three essences of Soekarnoism and Nasakom, which was initiated by Soekarno and used by the PKI as a tool of legitimacy in the Indonesian political constellation.Through an article entitled Between Nasoma and Nasakom, he explained about the three sciences of struggle that exist in Soekarnoism.He uses the core values of nationalism, socialism and religion as the embodiment of Soekarnoism teachings.He combines these three elements and gives the term Nasoma (Nurmansyah, 2017).Of course Sayuti Melik's arguments in her article received a sharp blow from Harian Rakjat.Harian Rakjat alleges that Sayuti Melik's writings are mere rhetorical fabrications, even Harian Rakjat accuses Sayuti Melik of being both a communistphobic and a Nasakom-phobic.In a reply to the Harian Rakjat article, he wrote; "In Tavip Bung Karno emphasized: ,, End all phobias, stop djegal²an and srimpung²an, write on your banner 'Nasakom' and once again 'Nasakom'...The elements of progressiveness are found in all levels of Indonesian society (Harian Rakjat, 1964).
received a lot of support from various elements of society, military officers and the government.Parties against BPS such as the PKI, PNI, Partindo and their mass organizations continued to try to pressure President Soekarno to dissolve BPS.These parties are aware that the one who has the power and power to dissolve a body is the president.With the considerations that they conveyed that BPS would only hinder the revolution and be considered a reactionary body, then President Soekarno had to dissolve BPS.On December 12, 1964, a meeting of 10 political party leaders was held in Bogor.The core of the meeting was the pledge or determination of party officials to support Soekarno's politics, as well as discussing several important issues.However, the meeting at the Bogor Palace was interpreted by the PKI as a decision to dissolve the BPS by President Soekarno.
Melik's articles by many newspapers in Indonesia also had an impact on the popularity of Soekarnoism in society.Meanwhile, the existence of BPS as the agency responsible for disseminating Sayuti Melik's Soekarnoism in the press sector has sharpened differences in people's ideas or ideals.In addition, it also further clarifies the community's alignment with the two polemics involved, namely the PKI and its supporters and BPS.Of course, people from various professions and statuses who have anti-PKI attitudes show their support for BPS.In addition, PWI had to fire some of its members who were proven to be involved in BPS activities.The decision to dismiss him was taken by the PWI Jakarta management after holding a special meeting in Malang on December 18, 1964.CONCLUSIONFrom the discussion above, author conclude that formation of BPS stems from similarity of anti-PKI political attitudes among national journalist.With the formation of the BPS, efforts to weaken PKI through press politics could be carried out intensely.However, in reality, PKI and Harian Rakjat newspaper were actualy able to stem the political maneuvers being carried out by BPS.By using the pretext of "kill Soekarno with Soekarnoism", the PKI was actually able to pressure the Guided Democracy government to dissolve the BPS.The existence of BPS, to has influenced the movement of history at that time.Especially in the study of history of the press and politics, although BPS has only lasted three mounths since its establishment.At least the dynamicsof ideological politics around 1964 were colored by disputes between journalist organizations and parties that could be used as future kessons for the Indonesian Nation.