PENGEMBANGAN LOCAL INSTRUCTIONAL THEORY TOPIK ARITMETIKA SOSIAL BERBASIS RME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS

Dewi Ratna Sari(1), Ahmad Fauzan(2*),

(1) Universitas Negeri Padang
(2) Universitas Negeri Padang
(*) Corresponding Author


Abstract


Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu tujuan yang penting dipelajari dalam proses pembelajaran. Banyaknya penggunaan rumus dan tidak terlibatnya peserta didik dalam penemuan konsep matematis menyebabkan rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Untuk itu, dirancang suatu alur pembelajaran untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan pendekatan yang tepat dan sesuai berbasis Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) untuk menghasilkan Local Instructional Theory (LIT) khususnya topik aritmetika sosial yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan gabungan design research model Plomp dan Gravemeijer & Cobb. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari peserta didik kelas VII sebanyak 3 orang (evaluasi perorangan), 6 orang (kelompok kecil) dan 32 orang (kelompok besar) di sebuah SMP di Kota Padang. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar observasi, lembar validasi ahli, lembar angket, dan soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LIT topik aritmetika sosial yang dikembangkan sudah valid dilihat dari aspek didaktik (penyajian), materi (isi), kebahasaan dan kegrafikaan (tampilan. Praktis karena alur belajar dapat digunakan oleh peserta didik dalam menemukan sendiri konsep matematika menggunakan tahap informal menuju tahap formal dengan uji kelayakan oleh peserta didik (kelompok kecil) 86,67% dengan kriteria “sangat praktis” dan peserta didik (kelompok besar) 78,27% dengan kriteria “praktis”. Selanjutnya dikatakan efektif karena memberikan dampak positif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik dan rata-rata tes 79,11% dengan kriteria “berhasil” pada tahap field test.

Problem solving ability is one of the important goals studied in the learning process. The large use of formulas and the lack of involvement of students in discovering mathematical concepts causes low mathematical problem solving abilities. For this reason, a learning pathway was designed to facilitate problem solving abilities with an appropriate and appropriate approach based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) to produce Local Teaching Theory (LIT), especially social arithmetic topics that are valid, practical and effective. This development research uses the Plomp and Gravemeijer & Cobb combined design research model. The research subjects consisted of 3 class VII students (individual evaluation), 6 people (small group) and 32 people (large group) at a junior high school in Padang City. Research data was collected using observation sheets, expert validation sheets, questionnaires, and problem solving ability test questions. The results of the research show that the LIT topic of social arithmetic that was developed is valid from the didactic (presentation), material (content), linguistic and graphic (display) aspects. It is practical because the learning flow can be used by students in discovering their own mathematical concepts using the informal stage towards the formal with a feasibility test by students (small groups) 86.67% with the criteria "very practical" and students (large groups) 78.27% with the criteria "practical". Furthermore, it is said to be effective because it has a positive impact on mathematical problem solving abilities students and the test average was 79.11% with the criteria "successful" at the field test stage.


Keywords


LIT; RME; kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis; RME; mathematical problem solving ability

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v13i1.7927

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