ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF SISWA SMP DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH ARITMETIKA SOSIAL BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN JENIS KELAMIN

Didik Sugeng Pambudi(1*), Ananda Dwi Iskarina(2), Ervin Oktavianingtyas(3), Susanto Susanto(4), Hobri Hobri(5),

(1) Universitas Jember
(2) Universitas Jember
(3) Universitas Jember
(4) Universitas Jember
(5) Universitas Jember
(*) Corresponding Author


Abstract


Abstrak

Berpikir reflektif yang terdiri dari tahapan reacting, elaborating/comparing, dan contemplating merupakan salah satu faktor yang memegang peranan penting dalam  aktivitas siswa memecahkan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir reflektif siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah aritmetika sosial berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini melibatkan siswa kelas IXF di satu SMP Negeri di Banyuwangi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes  dan  wawancara. Tes tertulis berisi materi aritmetika sosial diberikan kepada 31 siswa kelas IXF. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil tahapan contemplating, maka dipilih 4 siswa terdiri dari 2 siswa laki-laki dan 2 siswa perempuan untuk dilakukan wawancara. Triangulasi metode digunakan untuk memperoleh data yang valid, yaitu membandingkan antara hasil tes tertulis dengan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan antara siswa laki-laki dengan siswa perempuan dalam berfikir reflektif saat memecahkan masalah aritmetika sosial. Pada fase reacting, siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan sama baiknya dalam menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan dalam soal menggunakan kata-kata dari soal atau menggunakan bahasa sendiri. Pada tahap elaborating/comparing, siswa perempuan menunjukkan kemampuan lebih baik dari siswa laki-laki dalam menghubungkan apa yang diketahui dengan apa yang ditanya, menyebutkan kecukupan informasi untuk menjawab soal,  menghubungkan masalah yang ditanyakan dengan masalah yang pernah diterima sebelumnya, menyusun rencana penyelesaian masalah berdasarkan pengalaman yang telah dimiliki serta menyelesaikan permasalahan menggunakan strategi yang telah disusun. Pada tahap contemplating, siswa laki-laki lebih baik pencapaiannya daripada siswa perempuan dalam menemukan kesalahan pada penetapan jawaban, menjelaskan letak kesalahan, memperbaiki kesalahan, dan membuat kesimpulan dengan benar. Secara keseluruhan, siswa perempuan memiliki kemampuan berfikir reflektif lebih baik daripada siswa laki-laki. Berdasarkan hasil ini, maka disarankan kepada guru matematika hendaknya selalu melatih siswa mengembangkan kemampuan berfikir reflektif dalam aktivitas memecahkan masalah matematika di sekolah. Selanjutnya siswa dilatih untuk mempresentasikan bagaimana melakukan semua tahapan berfikir reflektif tersebut, sehingga semua siswa, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan memiliki kemampuan berfikir reflektif  sangat baik untuk memecahkan masalah matematika.

 

Kata kunci:    Aritmetika Sosial; Berpikir Reflektif; Jenis Kelamin; Memecahkan Masalah Matematika.

 

Abstract

Reflective thinking which consists of the stages of reacting, elaborating/comparing, and contemplating is one of the factors that play an important role in students' activities in solving mathematical problems. This study aims to describe the reflective thinking ability of junior high school students in solving social arithmetic problems based on gender. This study uses a qualitative descriptive study on students of class IXF at a SMP Negeri at Banyuwangi. Data collection using test and interview methods. A written test containing material on social arithmetic was given to 31 students of class IXF. Then based on the results of the contemplating stage, 4 students were selected consisting of 2 male students and 2 female students to participate in the interview. Triangulation method is used to obtain valid data, namely comparing the results of written tests with interviews. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were some similarities and differences between male students and female students in reflective thinking when solving social arithmetic problems. In the reacting phase, male students and female students were equally good at writing down what was known and what was asked in the question using words from the questions or using their own language. At the elaborating/comparing stage, female students showed better abilities than male students in connecting what was known to what was asked, mentioning the adequacy of information to answer questions, connecting the problems asked to problems that had been received before, compiling a problem-solving plan based on experience and solve problems using the strategies that have been prepared. At the contemplating stage, male students had better achievements than female students in finding errors in determining answers, explaining where errors were, correcting errors, and making correct conclusions. Overall, female students have better reflective thinking skills than male students. Based on these results, it is suggested that mathematics teachers should always train students to develop reflective thinking skills in mathematical problem solving activities at school. Furthermore, students are trained to present how to do all the stages of reflective thinking, so that all students, both male and female, have excellent reflective thinking skills to solve mathematical problems.

Keywords: Gender; Reflective Thinking; Social Arithmetic; Solving Math Problems.


Keywords


Aritmetika Sosial; Berpikir Reflektif; Jenis Kelamin; Memecahkan Masalah Matematika.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v10i3.4063

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